The number of homeless individuals dropping by nearly 35 percent, from 407 in 2007 to 266 in 2018.
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SPRINGFIELD -- In 2007, the city committed to ending long-term homelessness within 10 years.
It's now 11 years later, and "homelessness is not over," said Bill Miller, vice president of housing and homeless services at Friends of the Homeless in Springfield.
"All these people with all these complications; the need keeps coming in," he said.
But those seeking to address homelessness say there have been improvements as well as changes in how they approach the problem.
"We're much better off than in 2005," Miller said, referring to the year he took the helm at the agency.
A new plan addresses homelessness across Hampden County -- not just in Springfield, said Gerry McCafferty, director of the city's office of housing.
Springfield created its "Homes Within Reach" plan in 2007. The following year, people from the three-county area came together to do similar planning, resulting in the "All Roads Lead Home" plan.
McCafferty said the plans were similar, but the Springfield plan focused more on chronic and unsheltered homelessness. The regional plan had more of a focus on family homelessness; at that time, Holyoke, Chicopee and West Springfield had lots of homeless families in motels.
They've learned a lot over time.
A decade ago, "we underestimated how many people were under-sheltered," she said.
And she said there was a lot housing advocates didn't understand when they initiated the 10-year plan. They "had to acknowledge the homeless population is not static," to look at providing more housing, and acknowledge that people needed to be placed in homes even if they were using alcohol or drugs.
Advocates say there has been progress, with the number of homeless individuals in Springfield dropping by nearly 35 percent, from 407 in 2007 to 266 in 2018. The data is from a point-in-time count, conducted on the last Wednesday in January every year.
In 2015 the region joined with 70 other communities across the country to participate in an initiative called Community Solutions Model Zero.
The idea is to end chronic and veterans' homelessness "by developing real time data on homelessness, optimizing local housing resources, tracking progress against monthly goals, and accelerating the spread of proven strategies," McCafferty said.
David Havens, program director for homeless housing with MHA Inc. in Springfield, has worked on the issue of homelessness for decades.
While homelessness is still a problem, creating the 10-year plan "brought stakeholders to the table," he said. Before then, he said, "we didn't have the community will. The 10-year plan really created the community approach."
"I think that there has been an evolution on the 10-year plan," Havens said. "It allowed us to get more specific to match people to the right resource."
And he said there has been a change in thinking. Before, the idea was a homeless person needed to meet "housing readiness" standards. He said there were different markers -- for example, a person needed to be sober for six months or a year before they could become a candidate for housing.
"Now we'll take people (and) assume they're ready for housing. Our challenge is how to support them" once they have a place to live, he said.
To help address the issues, a group of 15 providers meets weekly to review those they have identified as chronically homeless on a by-name basis.
Providers have identified 90-plus individuals throughout Hampden County. McCafferty said they have placements for about 25 on the list whom they hope to move into housing, with the focus on placing the most vulnerable people first. But she said they "are continually adding to the list."
Havens said working collaboratively with other agencies "is incredibly helpful. I was there when there wasn't cooperation."
The creation of the by-name program "gives us a chance to work through person by person. We're trying to match people to the opportunities that would best promote success."
Miller said ending homelessness in 10 years "was an ambitious goal we did not achieve."
Now, he said, "Homeless service providers are more integrated." And they are looking at providing homes, not just shelter.
Friends of the Homeless provides 133 shelter beds but typically takes in 150 people a night, with the overflow sleeping in cots or on floor mats.
The organization also has 110 units of permanent housing, including 60 single-room occupancy units and 50 enhanced single-room occupancy units. The single-room residents share a common kitchen, while the enhanced units have private kitchens. Residents pay a portion of their income in rent. And they get support to address issues that contributed to their homelessness.
There are many reasons for homelessness, including drug and alcohol use. People with disabilities are also at risk, McCafferty said. She said it's imperative for people to have a stable place to live so they can address the issues contributing to homelessness.
She said providers use a carrot and stick approach. The stick is the threat of eviction if they do things that cause trouble. The carrot is a home.
"The basic issue of homelessness is all about affordable housing. To the extent the housing market gets tighter, it's harder to place people," Havens said.
His agency has two types of housing programs: one in which the agency rents and then subleases to tenants, and another where the tenant rents directly. MHA has 111 units for homeless people who have mental illness.
Sarah English, from the Holyoke Office of Viability Inc., which places people in Westfield, Holyoke and Springfield, also said finding housing is the most difficult aspect.
"In Holyoke we're struggling to find landlords to ensure (people) have a decent place to live," she said.
With a HUD voucher, rents have to be capped, so for a one-bedroom apartment the limit is about $850.
Viability has funding for 34 units in the county, English said. And the agency, like other programs, provides support services to help people keep their homes. She said tenants don't have to be sober to find a place to live, but counselors help with sobriety once the residents are settled.
"Trying to maintain (sobriety) is hard to do when you're in a tent," she said.
Friends of the Homeless wants to do what it can to see people settle in to homes as well.
"When we added the resource center, the funders called our facility Worthington House Campus. The notion of a 'campus' gets to the idea there is a goal in mind for people who come: housing is the goal," Miller wrote in an email, adding that another goal is to return people "to the mainstream."
"We have housing on the same 'campus.' A medical clinic, now continuing to enhance clinical services, computers for guests to use to apply for jobs on line. As 'Friends of the Homeless' our job is to help people not be homeless any more. We take that work very seriously."