Springfield, the region's largest city, has for years also been the leader in homicides, and 2011 was no exception. But 2011 was a perplexing year for Springfield in some regards.
Republican file photoA Springfield Detective stands by the doorway of a house where 18-year-old James Rosario was shot to death on July 9. His death, one of 19 homicides in Springfield in 2011, came following a disagreement at a house party.
SPRINGFIELD – The Feb. 1 discovery of the body of Judy I. Ramirez, the city’s first homicide victim in 2012, brought to end a span of more than three months – 100 days to be exact – during which this city did not record a single homicide.
Ramirez was found dead in a stairwell outside a church on State Street. An autopsy determined she died of blunt trauma.
Prior to Ramirez’s death, the last official homicide in Springfield was recorded on Oct. 24 when Victor Martinez, the 19th homicide of 2011, was found dead outside his car on Garfield Street.
What would have been the 20th homicide, the death of Ramon Lopez, 23, who was found outside 564 Chestnut St., was removed from the statistics when a state medical examiner could not determine conclusive proof of foul play.
In addition, police are investigating the homicide of Louis L. White, 30, who died on Dec. 2 of injuries suffered eight years earlier in 2002. Police are counting White’s death in the 2002 homicide totals.
Despite its reputation for violence that plays out in the media and the public like dispatches from the Wild West, there have been periods over the past year in which Springfield was remarkably quiet.
Overall, Springfield averaged one homicide every 18 days, but there were six periods during 2011 when the interval between homicides was at least 40 days. There were four months, June, September, November and December, in which no one killed anyone else.
Of course, there were also times during the year when the Wild West reputation was on the mark. There were six separate periods when homicides occurred just days apart, including a period from July 3 to 13 during which five people were killed in 10 days and another from Oct. 4 to 24 when four people were killed in a 20-day span.
The high number of homicides has always hurt the perception of the City of Homes, both from outsiders looking in and from those who live and work here. And, perception is not always reality, stressed Hampden District Attorney Mark Mastroianni, himself a Springfield native.
“There are some areas that are high-crime areas; that is not deniable,” said Mastroianni. “But some of the perceptions are very overblown. And, those perceptions are certainly an inaccurate view of the Springfield as a whole.”
In 2011, there were 24 homicides in the Pioneer Valley, down five from 2010.
In addition to the 19 in Springfield, there were four in Holyoke, the same number as was recorded there in 2010, and one in Chicopee.
Springfield, the region’s largest city, has for years also been the leader in homicides, and 2011 was no exception. But 2011 was a perplexing year for Springfield in some regards.
For example:
- The 19 homicides is a four-year high, but it comes at a time when nearly every other major crime category is trending down.
- While Springfield wrestled with a reputation for youth violence for years, the average age of homicide victims in 2011 was 30.9 years, which is two years above the 10-year average of 28.8 years from 2000-2009 and six years above the 2010 average of 24 years.
- While the number of homicides increased, police have made arrests in 11 of 19 cases, or 57 percent. In 2010 cases, there were arrests in 12 of 16 incidents, or 75 percent.
Homicides are always a top priority for the department, according to Springfield Police Commissioner William Fitchet, but, in general, the crime of murder, in Springfield or anywhere else, is very difficult to predict, and, therefore, prevent.
“Some of it is very spontaneous,” Fitchet said. Unlike what can play out in the movies or on TV crime dramas where someone plots out the perfect crime weeks in advance, most real-life homicides are a result of unfortunate timing, heated emotions and ready access to weapons.
“They happen very quick where even the suspect who was arrested didn’t realize there would be violence until after it happened,” Fitchet said.
Such was the case when two teens,
Kevin Gomez, 16, and
James Rosario, 18, were killed at separate Forest Park house parties four months apart when arguments escalated into gunfire. Gomez was shot on March 13, 2011, on Belmont Avenue, and Rosario on July 9 on Edgeland Street.
Carlos Beslanga, 32, was stabbed to death on May 21 on Cumberland Street in an argument with a property owner who objected to Beslanga urinating on his lawn, police said. The suspect, Luis Cintron, surrendered to police after one month on the run.
Paul Bagge, 45, died of injuries sustained on July 13 from hitting his head on the ground after he was punched while trying to break up a fight in East Springfield.
Michael Drew, 45, died when he was shot at his State Street apartment following a dispute about a minor traffic accident. Police arrested his 70-year-old neighbor, Walter Dorset.
Republican file photoHampden DA Mark Mastroianni is briefed by detectives at the scene of a fatal shooting on June 20 at 341 Appleton St. in Holyoke. Reynaldo Fuentes, one of four homicide victims in Holyoke, was gunned down. Police charged three brothers with his murder.
In some ways, Fitchet said, the annual homicide rate is a no-win situation for police. On one hand, it is impossible to take credit for, or even tally, the number of homicides prevented. On the other hand, every time someone is killed, the police catch heat for not doing enough to prevent it.
“If we had the old crystal ball, we’d put three cops out there (where a murder is to occur) and prevent it,” he said.
Fitchet said while police cannot prevent random homicides from occurring, they can, particularly in gang-related cases, work the streets to help prevent any retaliation.
“We take a log of our (intelligence work) and try to deploy and diffuse the potential for violence,” he said. “If we think there is going to be retaliation, we use police tactics to mitigate that from happening.”
The 19 homicides recorded in 2011 were the most since 1997 when there were 20. Fitchet said there could well have been more homicides were it not for the combined efforts of the department’s anti-gang and street-crime units and the detective bureau to prevent violence.
The increase in homicides comes at a time when by every other measure, crime is going down in the city. Of the seven categories for violent and property crimes used in the annual FBI Uniformed Crime Report, Springfield in 2011 saw declines in five of them.
Some of the declines are quite dramatic: 72 percent in reported rapes, 11 percent in both burglaries and robberies, 13 percent in car thefts, and 24 percent in felony assaults.
The only increases were 3 percent jump in larcenies and the 11 percent uptick recorded in homicides.
Despite numbers showing crime overall is going down, people still focus on the number of homicides going up, Fitchet said. “The other crimes are not – I don’t want to say glamorous, but the other crimes are not headline grabbers,” he said.
Statistically speaking, the average person in Springfield is more likely to be a victim of robbery than a victim of homicide – and the number of robberies is going down, the commissioner said.
“It isn’t reported that there was a shooting in one part of the city and for the next month there wasn’t another shooting there,” he said. “You can’t measure it because it’s not reportable, even if we feel it has an impact.”
In comparison to Springfield, Hartford had 27 homicides in 2011, an increase from 24 the year before, and Boston had 62 homicides, a decrease from 74 in 2010.
Since 2000, Springfield has averaged more than 14 homicides per year, but higher-than-average numbers in recent years has pushed the average during the past five years to about 17 per year.
A high percentage of homicides in Greater Springfield during the past 20 years or more have always involved young people, both as victims and as assailants. This matches FBI data for the entire country over the same period which show roughly half of all homicide victims were younger than age 30
For the years 2000-09, there were 145 homicides in Springfield. Sixty-three percent of victims were under the age of 30. The average age for the decade was 28.9 years.
In 2010, there was a noticeable spike in homicides involving young people. Twelve of the 16 victims, or 75 percent, were under 30, and 10 were under 25. The average age of victims was 24 years old.
In 2011, 10 of 19 victims were under age 30, or 52 percent. Nine were between 16 and 24. The average age was 29.8 years old.
In Holyoke, the average age also increased, albeit from 20.5 years in 2010 to 23.5 in 2011.
Granted, when dealing with fewer than two dozen data points, any shift in one direction or another will result in major swings in percentages. The numbers for 2011 may just be a statistical fluke, or it could be an early indication that the investment in many anti-youth violence programs are showing returns.
Mastroianni said the numbers are interesting, but he does not quite know what to make of it. He said that perhaps the change in average age of Springfield victims is a reflection of community-based programs and law-enforcement efforts to target youth and gang violence.
“I’d like to believe it has something to do with the effectiveness of youth initiatives,” he said. “Maybe young people are starting to get the message.
Of the 19 homicide cases in Springfield last year, eight remain active investigations with no arrests.
The arrest of Kimani Anderson on Jan. 30 in the July 7 shooting of 16-year-old Tyrell Wheeler, was the 11th case in which an arrest was made, bringing the 2011 clearance rate to 58 percent.
Arrests have been made in three of Holyoke’s four homicides; only the June 19 death of Oscar Castro remains open.
In Chicopee, police have yet to make an arrest in that city’s lone homicide, the Aug. 26 death of 20-year-old Amanda Plasse.
Submitted photoAn undated photo Amanda Plasse, supplied by her family. Plasse was found stabbed to death in her apartment on School Street in Chicopee on Aug. 26. Her case remains unsolved.
In 2010, police made arrests in 12 of 16 homicide cases, or 75 percent; for the previous decade the clearance rate was about 80 percent.
Boston in 2011 made arrests in just 40 percent of its 62 homicides, and just before the close of the year, Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis announced a top-to-bottom revamping of the homicide unit.
Data from the FBI shows clearance rates have fallen dramatically nationwide over the last 50 years, from 91 percent in 1963 to about 65 percent in 2010.
Fitchet said he has confidence in his detectives, saying they continue to do very good work and investigations are ongoing.
“We’re still working on them. There’s not a statute of limitations, and the cases ongoing,” he said. “It’s not a good answer, but it doesn’t mean that in a couple of weeks, or a month, or six months, there won’t be (arrests).”
A few weeks after his interview, police arrested Anderson.
Declining clearance rates are a national problem, not just a Springfield one, said Mastroianni, who ordered that state police investigators assigned to his office would take the lead role for a month in April in any new murder investigations in Springfield after the city recorded six homicides during the first three months of the year.
The district attorney emphasized he retains full confidence in the Springfield police to investigate homicides. Long-time investigators tell him it’s become increasingly difficult to find witnesses willing to testify even when there were plenty of witnesses to the crime, Mastroianni said. And, with people more reluctant to cooperate, it takes more time to close cases, he said.
“It’s not like it was 10 to 15 years ago. Clearly that has an effect, especially with drug cases,” Mastroianni said. “People may not want to cooperate at the time, but they may cooperate later if police stay on the investigation.”