The impact of the proposed legislation in Western Massachusetts would vary, since towns across the Commonwealth have come up with a patchwork of ways to address the state’s recent lack of funding for the decades-old Quinn Bill.
BOSTON — Legislation that would limit the responsibility of Massachusetts cities and towns’ to pay the cost of education incentives to police officers is reigniting debate between organized labor and municipal government over funding the so-called Quinn Bill.
The impact of the proposed legislation in Western Massachusetts would vary since communities across the commonwealth have come up with a patchwork of ways to address the state’s recent lack of funding for the decades-old program.
“This bill attempts to bring some clarity to this issue, to say that a municipality is not responsible for the missing state share of this program,” said state Rep. Stephen Kulik, D-Worthington, who sponsored the bill. “The purpose is really to try to bring some uniformity to communities around the state that are in different situations.”
The Quinn Bill, officially the Police Career Incentive Pay Program, was passed by the state Legislature in 1970. It requires participating municipalities to provide 10 to 25 percent salary increases to police officers who obtain advanced degrees in criminal justice. Traditionally, the state and the municipality split the cost of the salary increase.
But in 2009 and 2010, the state drastically cut, then eliminated its portion of the funding.
Since then, the 254 municipalities which adopted the Quinn Bill, have had myriad approaches. Some negotiated clauses into collective bargaining agreements requiring the municipality to pay the state’s share. Others paid only the 50 percent municipal portion, leading to a drop in police salaries. Some created new education incentive programs.
In March 2012, the Supreme Judicial Court ruled that cities and towns are not required to pay the state’s portion of the Quinn Bill if they include such language in their contracts.
Kulik’s bill would clarify that cities and towns – even those with no contractual language, will only have to cover their half of the costs. If a collective bargaining agreement requires municipalities to cover the full cost, that provision would be eliminated at the expiration of the contract, even if no subsequent contract is signed. The provision can be renegotiated. Kulik submitted the same bill previously, and it was sent to study.
Geoffrey Beckwith, executive director of the Massachusetts Municipal Association, which supports the bill, said municipalities opted into the Quinn Bill based on the state’s promise to pay 50 percent. “They never would have adopted the program to begin with if the state had raised the prospect of failing to meet its promise,” he said.
The state’s total obligation, he said, is around $50 million. Beckwith said if municipalities were required to pay the additional money, they would either have to lay off police officers or make other cuts in their budgets. The Quinn Bill becomes “a massive unfunded mandate,” he said.
However, Jim Machado, executive director of the Massachusetts Police Association, said the bill allows municipalities to renege on a commitment, by dropping the Quinn money as soon as a contract expires, weakening a union’s bargaining position.
“They’re trying to have the Legislature be the bogeyman and undermine the collective bargaining agreement that’s in place,” Machado said.
In Western Massachusetts, some communities, like Chicopee, West Springfield and Northampton, already replaced the Quinn Bill with their own educational incentive programs.
Through a collective bargaining agreement, Chicopee phased out the Quinn Bill bonus for new employees, replacing it with a less generous incentive, which tops out at $5,000.
Mayor Michael Bissonnette said the change was made in response to the state’s decision to stop funding the Quinn Bill. Over time, he expects the change will reduce the city’s educational incentive costs from the current $900,000 to a maximum of $150,000.
For officers hired under the Quinn Bill, which Chicopee adopted in the 1970s, Bissonnette said, Chicopee will continue to pay 100 percent of the benefits, even if Kulik’s bill passes. “It’s my view that the city has a contractual and a moral obligation to those officers,” Bissonnette said.
However, Bissonnette criticized the state for costing city taxpayers $450,000 a year. “It’s another unfunded mandate by the state that was forced upon cities and towns under a bait and switch,” Bissonnette said. “They baited us by saying we'll split this with you, then switched it to nothing.”
West Springfield police chief Donald Campurciani said his department opted out of the Quinn Bill four or five years ago, when the debate over funding heated up. During contract negotiations, the city created its own version of police education incentives.
West Springfield now pays 75 percent of what state law had required. New hires are not paid an annual salary increase but a one-time bonus for degrees. While Campurciani could not put a price tag on the savings, he said the education incentives the city pays out will decrease each year with retirements and attrition. The plan is not subject to future negotiations.
“It was one of the selling points,” Campurciani said. “We’d have to take a reduction, but we’d never have to argue over this again,” and would not be subject to the whims of state lawmakers.
Campurciani said he occasionally receives emails from prospective candidates asking about education incentives, and he wonders whether the city’s program affects recruiting leverage.
Northampton also established its own incentives for officers hired in fiscal year 2014. For those already receiving benefits under the Quinn Bill, the city signed a two-year agreement with the patrol officers union in which it agreed to pay both the city and state share.
In some cities, like Springfield, the city has been supportive of the Quinn Bill.
Joseph Gentile, president of the Springfield patrolmen's union, said Springfield covers Quinn Bill costs through its collective bargaining agreement. Patrolmen are currently in the midst of negotiating a new contract for the first time since the state yanked its support.
Gentile said the city has historically recognized the benefits of Quinn Bill incentives and having an educated police force. According to the mayor’s office, the city pays $3.7 million in Quinn Bill costs, covering both the city and state portions.
“The bill just doesn’t make sense to me,” Gentile said. “Most cities and towns have already dealt with this issue because they’ve recognized the fact that the state is probably never going to live up to their obligation. This is a political move at a time when public employees are under attack.”
In other communities, like Holyoke, Quinn Bill funding is causing discord. Questions about whether Holyoke should continue funding 100 percent of Quinn Bill costs were the most controversial part of recent budget deliberations between the City Council and Mayor Alex Morse.
Morse included a $1 million line item to fully fund Quinn Bill in his $123.6 million budget for the current fiscal year. The council voted 9-5 against a proposal to cut $200,000 from that.
During budget debates, some Holyoke councilors argued the city should pay only the $500,000 municipal portion of the costs because rising expenses and a diminished capacity to raise revenue through property taxes. Morse and other councilors said the city owes it to police officers to abide by the contract and continue paying the incentives.
Holyoke City Council president Kevin Jourdain, who led the effort to cut Quinn Bill spending, supports Kulik's bill.
"It is common sense. Holyoke taxpayers are in no position to fund an extra $500,000 a year," Jourdain said. Jourdain said it would be unfair if the city had to lay off employees in other departments to keep paying "the exorbitant benefits in place for a select few, very highly paid workers."
However, Police Capt. Frederick Seklecki, president of the Holyoke police supervisors' union, said inclusion of the educational incentives has been specified in union contracts for years. Unions accepted smaller or no pay raises in negotiating sessions as the city argued that police were benefiting from Quinn Bill pay. Passage of Kulik's bill would be a jolt, he said.
"Over the years, you negotiated in good faith on all these contracts, so I think it's kind of a scummy thing to do," Seklecki said.
Seklecki said police officers hired in the past two or three years do not get Quinn Bill incentives, so as older ones retire, that pay will come off the books. Seklecki estimated that a third of the 120 uniformed personnel getting Quinn Bill pay will retire within five years.
Staff writers Stephanie Barry, Fred Contrada and Mike Plaisance contributed to this story.