In a partisan vote, the Senate rejected an effort to advance a Democratic approach to resolving the debt issue.
View full sizeSenate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., returns to his office following a vote as the debt crisis continues on Capitol Hill in Washington Sunday, July 31, 2011.(AP Photo/Harry Hamburg)By JIM ABRAMS
WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. Senate plunged on Sunday into what many lawmakers and the White House — and millions of Americans coast to coast — hoped would be an all-but-decisive last-minute effort to raise the nation's debt ceiling and defuse a crisis that still could lead to an unprecedented government default.
As senators began debate in a rare Sunday session — just hours after Saturday night's concluded — Democratic leader Harry Reid said he was "cautiously optimistic" agreement could be reached.
But first, in a partisan vote, the Senate rejected an effort to advance a Democratic approach to resolving the debt issue. The vote was 50-49, or 10 short of the 60 votes needed to move forward on legislation proposed by Reid that would have carried out $2.2 trillion in deficit reduction over 10 years while raising the debt ceiling by $2.4 trillion. The outcome of that vote did not directly affect the behind-the-scenes negotiations on a compromise.
Immediately afterward, Reid told fellow senators that while they were "not there yet," a vote on a possible compromise could still happen Sunday. "We are hopeful and confident it can be done."
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, a key player in the negotiations, said as he headed back to his office that the sides were "really, really close."
Tuesday is the deadline for averting default, the day the Treasury says it will reach the limits of its borrowing authority to pay all the nation's bills.
McConnell, R-Ky., said earlier on the Sunday talk shows that negotiators were looking at a deal that would cut spending by some $3 trillion over the next decade while raising the debt ceiling through 2012 in a two-stage process.
A Democratic official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss the private talks, said Vice President Joe Biden had been on the phone with McConnell multiple times over the preceding 24 hours. Biden has remained a key negotiator for the White House following the more public role he had earlier in leading several weeks of debt talks with lawmakers.
Appearing on CNN and CBS, McConnell said he hoped to soon be able to present to his fellow Republicans an agreement "that they'll consider supporting." That agreement would include raising the debt ceiling, cutting spending by some $1 trillion initially and creating a joint committee of members of Congress that would look at a larger plate of cuts including tax and entitlement changes.
Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., a member of the Democratic leadership, told CNN that while "there is no final agreement," there was a sense of relief that the two sides were finally working on a compromise plan.
Schumer later told CBS that one of the last sticking points is the creation of a "trigger" mechanism that would hit priorities of both parties if the committee does not come up with a plan for further deficit reduction.
Among the trigger ideas being discussed are automatically reducing spending on entitlement programs such as Medicare along with closing tax loopholes or reducing defense and non-defense programs by an equal amount.
"It should be equally tough on Democrats and Republicans," Schumer said.
McConnell said the bipartisan committee, which would be asked to come up with a plan by Thanksgiving, would have a "broad mandate" to look at all aspects of government finance, including tax reform.
McConnell said he had talked to both President Barack Obama and Biden on Saturday. "I particularly appreciate that we are back talking to the only person in American who can sign something into law, and that's the president of the United States," he said.
McConnell said the deal being worked on, while raising the debt ceiling in two stages, would satisfy Obama's demand that there not be another divisive debate before next year's election. The scenario being discussed would raise the debt ceiling unless there is a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress to reject it.
McConnell said that there would be no tax increases in the deal, and White House National Economic Council Chairman Gene Sperling, on CNN and Fox, said there would be no revenue increases over the next year and a half.
But while keeping higher taxes out of the deal was the top priority of many Republicans, it's still going to be a task for McConnell to sell any agreement to his caucus.
Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., said on ABC that this would be the first time that he could remember that the nation is paying for future debt increases dollar-for-dollar and that "from the Republican Party's point of view, I think we can declare victory in a limited fashion." But he said that even with the agreement the national debt will continue to rise and "I don't know where I'm going to land" on a vote.
"From a big picture," Graham said, "I'm not ready to vote for this."
On the House side, where GOP conservatives have pushed their party toward greater cuts and linking future debt ceiling raises to passage of a balanced budget amendment, a leadership aide said that while the negotiators appeared to be heading in the right direction, no agreement will be final until members have a chance to weigh in.
Sperling said Obama has presented three principles that the final package must meet: a significant down payment on deficit reduction, major entitlement and tax reform at a later date, and an end to the uncertainty created by the threat of the nation's defaulting on the debt. He said the nation doesn't want to "go through this mess again around the holidays."
Under the proposed agreement, Congress would also have to vote on a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced federal budget, a top-flight GOP goal. Unlike a bill approved Friday by the Republican-run House, none of the debt limit increase would be tied to congressional approval of that amendment.
Details of a possible accord began emerging Saturday night after Reid, D-Nev., said on the Senate floor that the two sides were trying to nail down loose ends and complete an agreement.
"I'm glad to see this move toward cooperation and compromise, and hope it bears fruit," he said.
A Democratic official said that while bargainers were not on the cusp of a deal, one could gel quickly. A Republican said there was consensus on general concepts but cautioned there were no guarantees of a final handshake. Both spoke on condition of anonymity to reveal details of confidential talks.
Any pact would have to quickly pass both chambers of Congress after a rancorous period that has seen the two parties repeatedly belittle each other's efforts to end the standoff.
Even so, the deal under discussion offers wins for both sides. Republicans and their tea party supporters would get spending cuts at least as large as the amount the debt ceiling would grow and avoid any tax increases. For Obama and Democrats, there would be no renewed battle over extending the borrowing limit until after next year's elections.
Under the possible compromise, the debt limit would rise by an initial $1 trillion.
A second, $1.4 trillion increase would be tied to a specially created congressional committee that would have to suggest deficit cuts of a slightly larger amount. If that panel did not act — or if Congress rejected their recommendations — automatic spending cuts would be triggered that could affect Medicare and defense spending, two of the most politically sacrosanct programs.
The government has exhausted its $14.3 trillion borrowing limit and has paid its bills since May with money freed up by accounting maneuvers.
McConnell and Schumer appeared on CNN's "State of the Union" and CBS' "Face the Nation" while Graham spoke on ABC's "This Week." Sperling appeared on "State of the Union" and "Fox News Sunday."
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Associated Press writer David Espo contributed to this report.