While the city's Human Rights Commission launched a "civility pledge" aimed at curtailing offensive language and speech, statistics show reported hate crimes in Northampton are rare.
NORTHAMPTON -- Citing an "increase in Northampton and around the country of bias motivated name-calling and language that demeans people based on who they are and where they are from," the city's Human Rights Commission is planning to launch a "civility pledge."
All commission members interviewed for this article said they believe bias incidents in Northampton have increased since the 2016 presidential election.
Commissioner Karen Bellavance-Grace said that "soon after the election in November" the panel convened a meeting and found that many of the commissioners had "heard anecdotally that there had been an increase in people using derogatory language."
"We had heard that there were more incidents of name-calling around Northampton," Commissioner Laurie Loisel said. "It wasn't anything that was in data, it was more anecdotal. There's no way to track those types of things because they're not arrestable."
Northampton Police Chief Jody Kasper, who has expressed approval of the commission's pledge, said in an interview that she agrees with the sentiment that things have changed since the election.
"It's a notable change. We really weren't dealing with stuff like this a year or two ago," she said.
While there hadn't been any rise in police reports related to bias incidents, Kasper said she heard "disturbing" anecdotes at a number of community meetings at the beginning of the year.
"I think we can all agree as a country that leading up to the election something happened where people all of a sudden felt more comfortable saying things that are hurtful," Kasper said. "Things that maybe used to not be said at all or were said on anonymous comment threads online were all of sudden becoming normalized."
Hate: A not so common crime?
Derogatory language is not a crime -- in fact, it's protected by the First Amendment. But when offenses like assault or property damage are coupled with perceived bias, they can be considered hate crimes.
The HRC's pledge makes this distinction between speech and action clear, while also warning that the two may be entwined, arguing that "bias incidents" and "acts of hate" may often "escalate into criminal activity."
Yet while there may be an increase in hateful speech throughout the city, Northampton police don't have many encounters with hate-related crimes, according to Capt. John Cartledge.
"We don't take in many reports of actual hate-crimes, but when we do, we take them very seriously," Cartledge said in an interview.
Kasper said she could "count on one hand" the number of hate-related incidents that have been reported to police.
The department's policy on hate crimes states Northampton police are committed to safeguarding the "rights of all individuals" irrespective of differences.
Department statistics obtainted by The Republican reveal that only one hate crime has been reported in the city so far this year. That puts Northampton is at a six-year low in terms of the frequency of hate crimes.
Between Jan. 1 and Aug. 18, the only reported hate crime occurred in June -- a case of assault to intimidate. While police did not provide details on the case, assault to intimidate in Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 265, Section 39, is described as a crime in which the aggressor attacks a person or destroys their property on the basis of their race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, national origin or disability.
A recent example is the case of city resident James L. McIntyre, who in March pleaded guilty in Northampton District Court to assault to intimidate and a civil rights violation and was sentenced to jail time. According to police, McIntyre drunkenly elbowed a black man in downtown Northampton last year, using a racial slur and saying, "Black lives don't matter."
When compared with other types of crime in Northampton, hate-related incidents are more anomalous than typical. During 2016 the city saw 505 assaults, 828 larcenies and 134 drug crime incidents, but only five instances in which police dubbed an incident hate-related.
Underreported but still prevalent
Civil rights advocates and analysts say the vast majority of hate crimes are never reported.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics, which releases annual reports on hate crimes in the U.S., stated in a June report that approximately 54 percent of hate crimes from 2011-15 were not reported to police.
The organization also reported that, in the majority of the cases where a crime is not reported, the alleged victim often finds another way of mediating the issue, usually "privately" or through other channels.
Although the Bureau of Justice Statistics does not have information for 2016-17, it does share some details about trends nationally over roughly the last decade. The report says there was no "statistically significant" shift in hate crimes between 2004 and 2015.
The Northampton City Council discussed the civility pledge and heard from members of the Human Rights Commission on July 13. The discussion begins at 13:00 and ends at 22:35.
Community dialogue
Members of the Northampton Human Rights Commission have said the civility pledge is meant to inspire a dialogue.
"We decided to work on this resolution because we wanted to do something to encourage people to be respectful of each other," said Loisel.
"We're trying to encourage civil behavior and exchange and make clear that the city of Northampton is not tolerant of any kind of speech that is unkind and based in bias," said City Councilor Alisa Klein, who has also been involved in drafting the pledge.
Bellavance-Grace acknowledged that Northampton already is a relatively diverse and civil place.
"We're not a perfect community but we have a pretty good culture of civility already present," she said. "We want to lift that up and celebrate that and encourage people to figure out how to disagree with people in ways that are still civil."
The City Council unanimously endorsed the pledge at its Aug. 18 meeting.
Loisel said the commission recently decided the pledge would be launched citywide over the next several months, starting first by contacting a cadre of local businesses, institutions and prominent officials and asking them to sign on.
After garnering support in this way, the HRC is planning a "high visibility" launch that will coincide with Human Rights Day in December, Bellavance-Grace said.
Aspects of the plan still need to be clarified, however. Loisel said the commission plans to do that at its meeting Sept. 27.